Virus

Virus

નીચે આપેલ લિંક પર વિડિયો જુઓ અને વાઈરસ વિષે સમજણ મેળવો.

What is virus ?

વિડિયો જોયા પછી નીચે આપેલ પ્રશ્નોના જવાબ કમેન્ટ બોક્સમાં લખો અથવા બુકમાં લખી મોકલો. 

1) વાઈરસ એટલે શું?

૨) વાઈરસના પ્રકારો સમજાવો.

૩) વાઈરસથી‌ બચવાના ઉપાયો લખો. 

Like as a Huntsman - Sonnet

Like as a Huntsman

Like as a huntsman after weary chase,
Seeing the game from him escap’d away,
Sits down to rest him in some shady place,
With panting hounds beguiled of their prey:
So after long pursuit and vain assay,
When I all weary had the chase forsook,
The gentle deer return’d the self-same way,
Thinking to quench her thirst at the next brook.
There she beholding me with milder look,
Sought not to fly, but fearless still did bide:
Till I in hand her yet half trembling took,
And with her own goodwill her firmly tied.
Strange thing, me seem’d, to see a beast so wild,
So goodly won, with her own will beguil’d.
-Edmund Spenser

Unknown words-  weary- tired , chase-going behind for hunt, hounds- hunter, panting- breathing with short,  beguiled- enchant or charm someone,  pursuit- run behind ,  vain- empty બડાઈખોર , assay- to check, forsook-left , quench- crush  શાંત પડવું , milder- હળવા, સુખકારક , bide-remain, trembling- shiver , firmly- fixed  nishchit, beast- animal,  beguil'd - charm  

Ethical struggle and sollutions

 What is an ethic? 

Ethic means what is right and what is wrong in human behaviour. It reflects on human beings and their interaction with nature and with other humans. 

નીતિશાસ્ત્ર વર્તણુંકના ધોરણોને સંદર્ભિત કરે છે જે આપણને કહે છે કે માણસોએ કેવી પરિસ્થિતિમાં પોતાને મિત્રો, માતા- પિતા, બાળકો, નાગરીકો, વ્યવસાયી લોકો જેવી પરિસ્થિતિઓમાં વર્તવું જોઈએ. 

વિજ્ઞાન મનુષ્યો કેવા છે તેના માટે સમજુતી પ્રદાન કરી શકે છે પરંતુ નૈતિકતા માણસોને કેવું વર્તન કરવું જોઈએ તેના કારણો પુરા પાડે છે. 

નૈતિકતાએ માત્ર ધાર્મિક લોકો સુધી માર્યાદિત નથી. તેના બદલે નાસ્તિકને પણ લાગુ કરી શકાય છે. ધર્મએ નૈતિકતાને પ્રભાવિત કરતુ એક પરિબળ છે. ધર્મે અને સંસ્કૃતિ આ બંને એવા માધ્યમો જરૂર છે કે તેના દ્વારા માણસને નૈતિકત શીખવવામાં આવે છે પરંતુ હમેશા તે એમજ હોઈ તે શક્ય નથી. 

Ethics- નીતિશાસ્ત્ર 

૧ ) વ્યક્તિગત નીતિશાસ્ત્ર 

૨) વ્યવસાયિક નીતિશાસ્ત્ર 

૩) સામાજિક નીતિશાસ્ત્ર 

4) આદર્શ નીતિશાસ્ત્ર 

નૈતિક સંઘર્ષ વધવાના કારણો 

૧) માણસ વધારે ગણતરી કરીને જીવન જીવવા લાગ્યો. 

૨) વ્યક્તિ પર ઈલેક્ટ્રોનિક મીડિયાની નકારાત્મક અસરો વધવા લાગી જેમકે ટીવી, મોબાઈલ, વગેરે. 

૩) માણસ દેખા દેખી વાળું જીવન જીવવા લાગ્યો. 

4) માણસની દોટ ભૌતિકતા વાદ તરફ વધતી ગઈ.

૫) પૈસા અને ભૌતિક વસ્તુને પ્રાધાન્ય આપવા લાગ્યો જેના લીધે એથીક્સમાં બાંધછોડ કરતો થયો. 

નૈતિકતા પૂર્ણ જીવન જીવવાથી સમાજની કેવી કેવી બદીઓ દુર કરી શકાય છે?

- ચોરી અને લુંટ 

- બળાત્કાર 

- હત્યા 

- ભ્રષ્ટાચાર 

- છેતરપીંડી 

- ઈર્ષા 

- દંભ  વગેરે દુર કરી શકાય છે. 

ઉપાયો 

- વિશ્વાસનું વાતાવરણ ઉભું કરવું જોઈએ. 

- બાળકોને પરિવારમાં પણ નૈતિકતા શીખવવી જોઈએ

- શાળાઓ અને કોલેજોમાં નૈતિક મુલ્યોની સમજ આપવી જોઈએ.

- વ્યક્તિને ભૌતિક વસ્તુઓ અને પૈસામાં સુખ નથી તે સમજાવવું જોઈએ.

- બાળગીતો અને વાર્તાઓ નૈતિકતા શીખવે તેવા હોવા જોઈએ. 

- જીવન મુલ્યો વિકસાવવા જેવા કે. 

    - આત્મ - સન્માન 

    - સમાનતા 

    - સામુહીકતા 

    - સત્ય 

    - અન્યમાં વિશ્વાસ 

    - કરુણા 

    - સહકાર 

    - શિષ્ટાચાર 

    - સમર્પણ 

    - ક્ષમા 

    - પ્રમાણિકતા 

    - આભારની લાગણી 

    - ધૈર્ય 

    - આદર 

    - ગૌરવ 

 

નૈતિકતા અને મુલ્ય કેળવણી કેવા માધ્યમોથી કરી શકાય છે ? 

૧) મુલ્ય કેળવણીમાં કુટુંબ અને સમાજ 

૨) સંસ્કૃતિનો ફાળો 

૩) વેદો, ભગવદગીતા, રામાયણ, મહાભારત અને કથાઓ વગેરે 

૪) શિક્ષણ 

પારદર્શકતા, અભય અને વિશ્વાસપાત્ર વ્યક્તિત્વ

 વ્યક્તિત્વ એટલે જે-તે વ્યક્તિની વર્તનશૈલી, તેની બૌદ્ધિક શક્તિઓ, અભિયોગ્યતાઓ, વિચારો, ટેવો, આવેગો, મનોવલણો અને બીજાં એવાં વિશિષ્ટ પાસાંઓના ગત્યાત્મક સંગઠનથી ઊપજેલું સુગ્રથિત સ્વરૂપ. સામાન્યરીતે એક વ્યક્તિની બીજી વ્યક્તિ ઉપર જે છાપ પડે છે તેના 'સામાજિક ઉદીપનના મૂલ્ય'ને પણ વ્યક્તિત્વ કહેવામાં આવે છે.

કાર્લ યુંગના મતે બે પ્રકારના વ્યક્તિત્વ હોઈ છે 

1. અંતર્મુખી વ્યક્તિત્વ 

2. બહિર્મુખી વ્યક્તિત્વ 

સારા વ્યક્તિત્વના લક્ષણો: 

- આત્મવિશ્વાસ

- પારદર્શકતા 

- અભય 

- વિશ્વાસપાત્ર 

- પ્રમાણિકતા 

- કાર્યનિષ્ઠ 

વગેરે સારા વ્યક્તિત્વના લક્ષણો છે. 

વિશ્વાસપાત્ર વ્યક્તિ કેવીરીતે બનવું 

1) તમે કહેલ શબ્દો પ્રમાણે વર્તન કરો 

2) બીજી વ્યક્તિ તમારા પર વિશ્વાસ મુકે એટલા સહજ બનો 

૩) પ્રમાણિક બનો 

4) કોઈએ કહેલ વાતો ગમે તે વ્યક્તિને ના કહો 

જેમકે સ્વામી વિવેકાનંદ, ગાંધીજી , વગેરે .

વ્યક્તિમાં પારદર્શકતા કેવીરીતે લાવવી ?

1) શબ્દો અને કાર્યમાં સામ્યતા જાળવવી 

2) બે પ્રકારના વ્યક્તિત્વન રાખવા 

૩) વ્યક્તિત્વમાં એક સ્થિરતા લાવવી 

અભયનું વ્યક્તિત્વમાં મહત્વ 

1) વ્યક્તિએ સત્યના માર્ગપર ચાલવું જોઈએ 

2) વ્યક્તિએ પોતાનો ડર દુર કરવા માટે આત્મવિશ્વાસ કેળવવો જોઈએ 

૩) વ્યક્તિ નિષ્ઠાવાન હોય તો તે ભય વગર જીવી શકે છે. 

 

Four stories

 

1. Thinking Out of the Box

Once upon a time, a merchant named Sam owed a huge sum of money to Tom, a money lender. The time came when the merchant ran out of the last chance given to him to give the money back.

Sam had a beautiful daughter who was very affectionate with her father. Tom asked the merchant to give all the money back failing which he will marry his beautiful daughter.

Tom was not at all good looking and ill minded and so the merchant was in dilemma. Tom proposed a new condition. There was a mix of black and white pebbles on the ground where they were standing. He will take two pebbles on both hands, one will be white and the other will be black.

If the daughter correctly chooses the white pebble, then Tom will write off all the debt and leave the marriage proposal too. But if she chooses the black pebble, he will write off the debt but will marry the daughter.

Tom bent down to pick the pebbles from the ground and the daughter noticed that he took black pebbles on both hands. The girl had three choices- to notify the same to her father which may provoke Tom, take the black pebble and sacrifice her life or simply refuse to take the pebble which might land her father into trouble. But what she did totally surprise Tom.

She took the pebble from his hand and ‘accidentally’ the pebble fell off from her hand to ground. She then asked Tom to see which color pebble was left in his hand to identify the color she picked. Tom had no other choice but to show the black color pebble in his hand and set both of them free.

Moral: Sometimes, life offers you situations which not only demands hard work and perseverance but some creative thinking which saves the situation.

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2. The Group of Frogs

Some frogs were traveling through woods and two of them accidentally fell into a pit. The other frogs which were safe upside understood how deep the pit was and saw no hope for the frogs to escape out of it.

Both of these frogs started trying to get out of the pit but failed many times. The frogs on the safe side shouted at them to give up the pain of trying as it was not possible.

Eventually, one frog heard the other frogs and decided to stop trying and fell down to death. However, the other frog went on trying and at last managed to reach the top.

The other frogs asked him, “Did you not hear us?” He explained that he was deaf and thought other frogs were encouraging him to get out.

Moral: Some people around you may ask you to be on a safer side always and stop trying and taking risks. However, there is no gain without pain. So try hard to achieve success in life despite what life offers you.

3. Rocks, Pebbles, and Sand

Once a professor entered the classroom with a glass jar, rocks, pebbles, and sand. The students were amused to see what he was up to. First, he started filling the rock parts into the jar until he couldn’t add any more.

He asked the students if the jar was full and everybody nodded yes. He then started putting the pebbles inside the jar which went inside through the small gaps and he shakes the jar to allow the pebbles to get into those vacant spaces in between the rocks.

He asked the same question to the students and they again said that the jar was full. Finally, he poured the sand inside the jar which went through the minute gaps and got filled in the jar.

The professor explained that this is how you should set priorities in life. Rock is like your family, while pebbles are like your career while sand is like the least priorities in life and unnecessary quarrels and egos.

If you put sand on the jar first, it will get easily filled up leaving no space for rocks and pebbles.

Moral: You should identify your priorities in life and develop a good strategy to work towards fulfilling it rather than wasting your time and effort on unnecessary aspects of life.

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4. Struggles develop strength

One day a man was passing by a garden when he saw a butterfly cocoon which was about to get open.

He saw a small opening on it and watched the several hours of struggles the butterfly came through to get the body out of it. After many hours, it seemed that the butterfly stopped trying as there was no progress.

He thought to help the butterfly by cutting the cocoon with a scissor. So the butterfly came out easily but the wings were shriveled and the body was tiny and withered.

Unfortunately, the butterfly was not able to take flight and spend the rest of life crawling with a wounded body.

Moral: This is nature’s way of telling the importance of struggles in life. Sometimes, different kinds of struggles are needed in life to make you stronger in the future. Never feel disappointed in life and stop trying when life offers you struggles but keep on fighting until you see success.

List of the questions

1) What is creative thinking explain by the first story ' Thinking out of the Box'.

2) How the girl save her life from the Tom in the first story?

3) What have you learnt from the frogs in the second story?

4) Which are the three things discussed in the third story? Which are the your priorities in your life?

5) What happened if you will not trying in your life? explain by the help of the fourth story.

6) What have you learnt from the all four stories?

7) Which story do you like more ? 

સફળતા અને સંતોષ

 

સફળતા અને સંતોષ 

સફળતાની શરૂવાત પ્રયત્ન અને પરિશ્રમથી થાય છે. જો વ્યક્તિનું કોઈ લક્ષ્ય હોઈ અને તે પૂર્ણ ના થાય તો એ વ્યક્તિ સફળતા પ્રાપ્ત કરી શકતું નથી. સફળતા પ્રાપ્ત કરવા માટે વ્યક્તીએ તેને પ્રાપ્ત કરવામાં સંપૂર્ણ પ્રયત્ન કરવો પડે છે. સંતોષ એ આપણને પોતાની અંદરથી મળે છે. આપણે દરેકે એક વાર્તા સાંભળેલી છે કાચબા અને સસલાની પરંતુ આજે એજ વાર્તાનું નવું સ્વરૂપ જોઈએ. 

પ્રશ્નો 

૧) આ વાર્તા માંથી શું શીખવા મળ્યું? 

૨) આ વાર્તાને તમે સફળતા અને સંતોષ સાથે કઈ રીતે જોડશો ?

૩) આ વાર્તા સમજ્યા પછી તમારા મતે જીવનમાં શું વધારે મહત્વનું છે સફળતા કે સંતોષ? 

The wife of Bath's Prologue

 

Summary: The Wife of Bath’s Prologue

The Wife of Bath begins the Prologue to her tale by establishing herself as an authority on marriage, due to her extensive personal experience with the institution. Since her first marriage at the tender age of twelve, she has had five husbands. She says that many people have criticized her for her numerous marriages, most of them on the basis that Christ went only once to a wedding, at Cana in Galilee. The Wife of Bath has her own views of Scripture and God’s plan. She says that men can only guess and interpret what Jesus meant when he told a Samaritan woman that her fifth husband was not her husband. With or without this bit of Scripture, no man has ever been able to give her an exact reply when she asks to know how many husbands a woman may have in her lifetime. God bade us to wax fruitful and multiply, she says, and that is the text that she wholeheartedly endorses.

After all, great Old Testament figures, like Abraham, Jacob, and Solomon, enjoyed multiple wives at once. She admits that many great Fathers of the Church have proclaimed the importance of virginity, such as the Apostle Paul. But, she reasons, even if virginity is important, someone must be procreating so that virgins can be created. Leave virginity to the perfect, she says, and let the rest of us use our gifts as best we may—and her gift, doubtless, is her sexual power. She uses this power as an “instrument” to control her husbands.

At this point, the Pardoner interrupts. He is planning to marry soon and worries that his wife will control his body, as the Wife of Bath describes. The Wife of Bath tells him to have patience and to listen to the whole tale to see if it reveals the truth about marriage. Of her five husbands, three have been “good” and two have been “bad.” The first three were good, she admits, mostly because they were rich, old, and submissive. She laughs to recall the torments that she put these men through and recounts a typical conversation that she had with her older husbands.

She would accuse her husband of having an affair, launching into a tirade in which she would charge him with a bewildering array of accusations. If one of her husbands got drunk, she would claim he said that every wife is out to destroy her husband. He would then feel guilty and give her what she wanted. All of this, the Wife of Bath tells the rest of the pilgrims, was a pack of lies—her husbands never held these opinions, but she made these claims to give them grief. Worse, she would tease her husbands in bed, refusing to give them full satisfaction until they promised her money. She admits proudly to using her verbal and sexual power to bring her husbands to total submission.

Read a translation of The Wife of Bath’s Prologue 

Analysis

In her lengthy Prologue, the Wife of Bath recites her autobiography, announcing in her very first word that “experience” will be her guide. Yet, despite her claim that experience is her sole authority, the Wife of Bath apparently feels the need to establish her authority in a more scholarly way. She imitates the ways of churchmen and scholars by backing up her claims with quotations from Scripture and works of antiquity. The Wife carelessly flings around references as textual evidence to buttress her argument, most of which don’t really correspond to her points. Her reference to Ptolemy’s Almageste, for instance, is completely erroneous—the phrase she attributes to that book appears nowhere in the work. Although her many errors display her lack of real scholarship, they also convey Chaucer’s mockery of the churchmen present, who often misused Scripture to justify their devious actions.

The text of the Wife of Bath’s Prologue is based in the medieval genre of allegorical “confession.” In a morality play, a personified vice such as Gluttony or Lust “confesses” his or her sins to the audience in a life story. The Wife is exactly what the medieval Church saw as a “wicked woman,” and she is proud of it—from the very beginning, her speech has undertones of conflict with her patriarchal society. Because the statements that the Wife of Bath attributes to her husbands were taken from a number of satires published in Chaucer’s time, which half-comically portrayed women as unfaithful, superficial, evil creatures, always out to undermine their husbands, feminist critics have often tried to portray the Wife as one of the first feminist characters in literature.